擋土墻首先要為花園擋土，防止土順著流水到處流失。同時(shí)，這些墻壁經(jīng)過精心設(shè)計(jì)，也可以成為景觀中的實(shí)用元素。

 

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第一類，包括具有裝飾功能，并用作建筑和藝術(shù)元素的墻壁，它們可以建在一個(gè)平坦的地方或具有小坡度，作為景觀設(shè)計(jì)的元素。

 

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用于將土壤固定在地形斜坡上的擋土墻是第二類，它們被廣泛用于梯田自然斜坡，以增加園藝和園林景觀元素的有用面積。

 

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現(xiàn)在基本都是具有混合功能的擋土墻，既有擋土功能，也具有吸引人的外觀。

 

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使用裝飾擋土墻，無需額外投資就可將原始的花園設(shè)計(jì)視覺分割成功能區(qū)域。這樣的墻壁是花園的裝飾，可以與房屋的建筑風(fēng)格、圍墻、巖石花園或瀑布相結(jié)合。

 

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裝飾擋土墻不需要混凝土基礎(chǔ)，它們在厚度為20~30厘米的碎石墊上創(chuàng)建。

 

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結(jié)構(gòu)擋土墻類型有：重力墻、懸臂墻、反墻、背包墻、鉆墩墻壁等。

 

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擋土墻設(shè)計(jì)思路可以簡單或復(fù)雜，可以將石墻、木材、混凝土等作為材料，這些材料的選擇取決于墻體施工所需的工作量。

 

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磚是建筑擋土墻的常用材料，但是，只有當(dāng)墻體不承受重載荷或設(shè)計(jì)元素時(shí)才應(yīng)使用磚塊。磚墻不適合水庫或濕度較高的地方，因?yàn)榇u塊不能抵抗水分損害，高濕度會(huì)破壞磚石。

 

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結(jié)構(gòu)的高度不應(yīng)超過一米半，應(yīng)特別注意磚墻的厚度。由于成本高，耐久性低，現(xiàn)在的磚不被廣泛用作擋土墻的建筑材料。

 

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天然石是建筑擋土墻最受歡迎的材料之一，天然石材非常有效，堅(jiān)固耐用，但也是昂貴的材料。

 

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石灰石、砂巖、花崗巖、石板、巨石、小鵝卵石等，大自然提供的選擇非常豐富，但最好是尋找該地區(qū)典型的天然石。

 

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建筑天然石材擋土墻時(shí)，您可以使用干砌石或水泥。干砌石意味著，不用水泥，只使用種植植物的土壤。除了功能和耐久性之外，巨石擋土墻是其中一個(gè)具有極好視覺吸引力的品種之一。

 

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混凝土，也許是建筑擋土墻最受歡迎和最可靠的材料，其承重性能較好。

 

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它允許建造更復(fù)雜的形狀，如半圓形，但混凝土擋土墻的主要缺點(diǎn)是需要裝飾石、磚、瓦或其他材料搭配使用，這樣使得墻壁看起來不是很有特色。

 

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使用混凝土?xí)r，房主可以選擇預(yù)制混凝土塊，這是特別設(shè)計(jì)用于擋土墻施工的。預(yù)制塊是另一種經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的材料，被廣泛用作擋土墻材料。它們由水泥和各種類型的骨料制成，低成本，良好的耐用性和輕質(zhì)性使其成為房主的受歡迎的選擇。

 

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木材是用于建造擋土墻的另一種材料，對于從事預(yù)算工作或喜歡DIY項(xiàng)目的許多房主來說，這是一個(gè)有吸引力的選擇。

 

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7gAaS7MojsecBa6p00OAV1qnLZGbBicEm7yjsia2a7F3rd8N1WIkYbM7Q/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.8" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="550" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7gAaS7MojsecBa6p00OAV1qnLZGbBicEm7yjsia2a7F3rd8N1WIkYbM7Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" _width="100%" src="http://m.u-safer.com/file/upload/202006/29/09-10-12-65-48.png" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" alt="" />

 

施工非常簡單，挖一條淺溝，壓碎土壤，用砂石填充，往上面架設(shè)木材即可。

 

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7bWZ1jn1ia3MSzfpVHVIYz0URb46aVQeKt7koFCdJwr5iaSJEia0ntSOvw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.8" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="550" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7bWZ1jn1ia3MSzfpVHVIYz0URb46aVQeKt7koFCdJwr5iaSJEia0ntSOvw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" _width="100%" src="http://m.u-safer.com/file/upload/202006/29/09-10-21-54-48.png" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" width="548" height="402" alt="" />

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7wCicicHlTLicicicXVaqjicGh7q0MHdePwgRBibicranAc8gegmMGmLicyvSdvQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.8" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="550" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7wCicicHlTLicicicXVaqjicGh7q0MHdePwgRBibicranAc8gegmMGmLicyvSdvQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" _width="100%" src="http://m.u-safer.com/file/upload/202006/29/09-10-29-62-48.png" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" width="545" height="404" alt="" />

 

木材需要適當(dāng)?shù)募庸ぃ净蚰景鍛?yīng)用特殊的防水化合物處理和浸漬，防止其腐爛，提高其耐久性和耐候性。

 

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7qsZ7JJibFPVPePvibwBBibsZI4frruYt9vv3f9jzOaVCibRfdnlfQSegUQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.8" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="550" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7qsZ7JJibFPVPePvibwBBibsZI4frruYt9vv3f9jzOaVCibRfdnlfQSegUQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" _width="100%" src="http://m.u-safer.com/file/upload/202006/29/09-10-37-59-48.png" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" width="545" height="396" alt="" />

 

它們可以切割成所需尺寸，原木、竹子都可以制成圍欄，有時(shí)甚至可以用鋸切的樹干制成。上端為防腐劑，埋在地下最好用熱機(jī)油、雜酚油、焦油或?yàn)r青處理。

 

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7cGpJY6ebZHVEtEMd41LQfO50n3h4nRrOygiaBTnH8jGghuHicB5ia8u3w/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.8" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="550" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7cGpJY6ebZHVEtEMd41LQfO50n3h4nRrOygiaBTnH8jGghuHicB5ia8u3w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" _width="100%" src="http://m.u-safer.com/file/upload/202006/29/09-10-44-45-48.png" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" width="548" height="402" alt="" />

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7vAdibvcMVTj1v8tKcCuCLBaEKNrvda88RrLJzRnIwkd5XoDdjakEKwg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="1.3345454545454545" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="550" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7vAdibvcMVTj1v8tKcCuCLBaEKNrvda88RrLJzRnIwkd5XoDdjakEKwg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" _width="100%" src="http://m.u-safer.com/file/upload/202006/29/09-10-52-99-48.png" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" width="384" height="491" alt="" />

 

石籠擋土墻現(xiàn)在尤為受歡迎。石籠具有矩形和各種尺寸的模塊，里面充滿各類石頭。石墻擋土墻的建造是非常容易的，如果墻壁很小，甚至不需要基礎(chǔ)。

 

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7biaI9yI8lXiapDgGQ383tbibBDr4bo7wGf9Yb2v7s9A7ZHJkO1COII7LQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.8" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="550" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7biaI9yI8lXiapDgGQ383tbibBDr4bo7wGf9Yb2v7s9A7ZHJkO1COII7LQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" _width="100%" src="http://m.u-safer.com/file/upload/202006/29/09-10-59-62-48.png" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" width="528" height="399" alt="" />

 

石籠石墻是高效和環(huán)保的，在外觀方面，可以將任何東西填充到籃子中——從鵝卵石、巨石到任何其他材料。

 

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7meyR3tRjDs4HK5vCg6EwpDNyW5fN1mrLsTRyl1s81Xyx5UiaK3DwSUQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.8" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="550" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7meyR3tRjDs4HK5vCg6EwpDNyW5fN1mrLsTRyl1s81Xyx5UiaK3DwSUQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" _width="100%" src="http://m.u-safer.com/file/upload/202006/29/09-11-08-42-48.png" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" width="539" height="398" alt="" />

 

擋土墻設(shè)計(jì)理念中的藝術(shù)和創(chuàng)造力墻壁或小或大，可以使用木或混凝土，這樣的墻壁可以在許多地方看到。

 

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7EQ1c37hpmJOib3icCOZM2hgqPMILibFIBxBz2BUOXzqL88h50Ls3NnA1g/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.8" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="550" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7EQ1c37hpmJOib3icCOZM2hgqPMILibFIBxBz2BUOXzqL88h50Ls3NnA1g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" _width="100%" src="http://m.u-safer.com/file/upload/202006/29/09-11-15-93-48.png" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" width="544" height="400" alt="" />

 

擋土墻是各種傾斜地塊的優(yōu)選，可以消除土壤侵蝕的問題。

 

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7ghiaiaW5ib7YW7CZL2JwHGZBAAqKSh5iabr6KoVPIsXtJ8m97mm5S7qwkA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.8" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="550" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH7ghiaiaW5ib7YW7CZL2JwHGZBAAqKSh5iabr6KoVPIsXtJ8m97mm5S7qwkA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" _width="100%" src="http://m.u-safer.com/file/upload/202006/29/09-11-24-23-48.png" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" width="543" height="397" alt="" />

cription-url="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH71z7JPo2dLx2WrsGVyCvhxmfcibFNEDSgwIRG87H5JRcicicnIDG44eTPQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.665" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="600" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/4ZV04dYqL5eWVq5v44iamlvwmcD86LuH71z7JPo2dLx2WrsGVyCvhxmfcibFNEDSgwIRG87H5JRcicicnIDG44eTPQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" _width="100%" src="http://m.u-safer.com/file/upload/202006/29/09-11-30-27-48.png" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" width="591" height="355" alt="" />

 

此外，它們是景觀設(shè)計(jì)中的強(qiáng)大元素，是的花園看起來特別美麗。

 

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